# AIS module

> Olex AIS module: identified vessels on the chart, collision avoidance, text messages, virtual aids to navigation and stereo bathymetry shared by two vessels.

AIS (Automatic Identification System), or AIS transponder, lets shore stations such as the French CROSS
identify vessels remotely. It continuously transmits the vessel's position and course.

## Regulatory framework

The European directive of 27 June 2002, which set up a Community vessel traffic monitoring and information
system, has been transposed into French law. It requires AIS on all vessels calling at a port in the
European Union:

- since 1 July 2002, for new passenger ships of more than 300 gross tons;
- before 1 January 2005, for tankers;
- before 1 July 2007, for all other vessels, new or existing.

Shore-based AIS stations were all to be installed by 2006.

## How AIS works

AIS relies on a data communication technique developed in the 1980s, SOTDMA (Self-Organized Time Division
Multiple Access). It lets many transmitters share a single narrow-band radio channel by synchronising
their transmissions on a precise reference time:

- each minute is divided into 2,250 slots of 26.67 ms; at 9.6 kbit/s, a slot carries 256 bits, enough for
  an AIS report;
- the exact GPS time synchronises each vessel's slots, and the GPS of course provides its position;
- on first contact, a vessel takes a free slot and reserves another one for its next transmission,
  depending on its state. A vessel at 23 knots, reporting every two seconds, thus reserves one slot in 75
  (2,250 / 30);
- the range is that of VHF, to the horizon. Each vessel is at the centre of its own communication cell,
  whose size adapts to traffic density: when free slots run short, the system drops the most distant
  targets first.

Further reading: [AIS on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Identification_System) and
[the US Coast Guard AIS page](https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/automatic-identification-system-overview).

## AIS in Olex

Without waiting for the legal requirements, Olex was one of the very first charting systems to offer, from
version 2.16 (December 1999), an optional module for **AIS transponders**.

The equipment lists below were drawn up at the time of the former website; for current equipment,
[contact us](https://www.justmagic.com/en/contact/).

**Class A** (SOLAS vessels, merchant navy): these transponders transmit the vessel's characteristics,
position, draught, cargo and destination. Models listed: Furuno FA150, Saab R4, Northrop Grumman (Sperry
Marine) R4, Comar CSA200, Kongsberg AIS200, ACR Electronics GlobalWatch and Nauticast2, JRC JHS-182,
MX Marine / Simrad / Navico MX531 and MX535, CNS Systems VDL6000.

**Class B** (non-SOLAS vessels: fishing vessels, leisure craft over 15 m): ShineMicro RadarPlus AIS-BX
and SM162B, SmartRadio SR262, Comar CSB200, SevenStar Electronics SeaTraceR, TrueHeading AIS CTRX,
Samyungenc SI-60B, Alltek Marine Camino-101, SmarterTrack AIT250, Transas Class B, Sjeng Jay Automation
Tech SJ-8912RT, AWAIS-100, CML Microcircuits DE70321 demonstrator kit, AWAIS for AtoNs, Raymarine AIS500.

[Class B](https://www.justmagic.com/images/ClassA_vs_ClassB.jpg) is a cheaper version of Class A, with a shorter range, which
reports less often (for example every 30 seconds below 14 knots, against every 10 seconds for Class A).
It does not transmit:

- the vessel's IMO number or call sign;
- the ETA or destination;
- the navigational status;
- the text of safety messages;
- binary messages;
- the rate of turn;
- the maximum draught.

Olex is also compatible:

- with **AIS receivers**, for vessel tracking: Furuno FA30, Weatherdock EasyAIS, SeaCAS SafePassage,
  SmartRadio SR161 and SR162, ShineMicro SM162B, Comar SLR200, Nasa/Sitex, Raymarine AIS250, SevenStar
  Electronics SeaViewerR, TrueHeading AISRXYacht, Icom RX-AIESGPS and MXA-5000, Samyungenc SI-60RX,
  Alltek Marine Cypho-101, Kata, AWAIS-200;
- with **combined VHF/DSC/AIS radios**: Furuno RO4800, Navicom RT-650 DSC, Icom IC-M603 and IC-M505,
  Garmin VHF-300.

## What the module does

Olex automatically displays the vessels identified by AIS on the vector chart. They can appear together
with ARPA radar targets, with a different symbol to avoid any confusion. Users follow the movements of
surrounding vessels in real time and can plan their route ahead to avoid collisions.

- AIS vessels identified by a label next to their symbol on the chart.
- Table of identified AIS vessels.
- As for ARPA targets: recording of vessel tracks, display of their heading vectors and of their turns to
  starboard or port.
- Short text messages sent to any nearby vessel fitted with an AIS transponder.

The CROSS can also warn of an obstacle or hazard by placing a **virtual aid to navigation** (virtual
AtoN), broadcast by their AIS station (AIS message 21): no buoy exists on site. As soon as a hazard is
reported, the authorities can warn all navigators with an AIS receiver, until a real physical mark is
installed.

[[image : Details of an AIS target vessel in Olex]](https://www.justmagic.com/images/AIS1.png)
*Target details*

[[image : Vessel AIS configuration in Olex]](https://www.justmagic.com/images/AIS2.png)
*Vessel AIS configuration*

[[image : All recognised AIS vessels displayed on the chart]](https://www.justmagic.com/images/AIS3.png)
*All recognised AIS vessels*

[[image : Sending an AIS message to a vessel from Olex]](https://www.justmagic.com/images/AIS4.png)
*Sending an AIS message to a vessel*

[[image : Graphical display of collision risk with AIS vessels]](https://www.justmagic.com/images/Olex_AIS_collision.png)
*Graphical collision avoidance*

## The Olex extra: stereo bathymetry

Since version 6.4 (September 2006), the AIS module can build bathymetric maps with the GPS and echo sounder
data of a nearby vessel, also fitted with Olex, that shares its information over AIS.

This function, popular with pair trawlers, shows the tracks of both vessels and the bathymetry building up
along their route. It also avoids the lengthy computation of exchanging the two vessels' bathymetric
databases.

[[image : Bathymetry built by two vessels through AIS]](https://www.justmagic.com/images/Olex_AIS_dual_bathy.png)
*Bathymetry of two pair trawlers via AIS*